Syllabus for SI684/884-- eCommunities

Logistics

Meets Mondays 1-4PM in Room 412WH
Professor Paul Resnick
3246C SI North Office Hours: TBD
presnick@umich.edu

GSI: Xiaomu Zhou
Shapiro B-138
Office Hours: Mon.4-5pm (or by appointment)
xmzhou@umich.edu

Course Overview

This course is intended to help students to analyze online interaction environments with an eye toward design. For the purpose of this course, a community is defined as a group of people who sustain interaction over time. The group may be held together by a common identity, a collective purpose, or merely by the individual utility gained from the interactions. An online interaction environment is an electronic forum, accessed through computers or other electronic devices, in which community members can conduct some or all of their interactions. We will use the term eCommunity as shorthand, both for communities that conduct all of their interactions online and for communities that use on-line interaction to supplement face-to-face interactions.

 
Two main threads will weave through the course. One thread will be concerned with the practical issues of design and use of online tools to support communities, and how choices that must be made in design can impact the function and style of the resulting community. The second thread will focus on psychological and economic theories that provide a frame to better understand communities in general. These theoretical pieces will provide a lens for better understanding the implications of choices made on the more practical level. The topics, readings, and technologies for each week can be found at the Course Schedule.

The doctoral "shadow" course, 884, prepares students to conduct research on on-line communities. 

Course Objectives

(684) At the end of this course, a student should be able to:

• identify the major social and technical elements of an online community and, drawing on relevant social science theories, understand the implications of specific design choices on the community;
• design a new on-line community or design useful new features or activities for existing communities.

(884) At the end of this course, a student should:

• have a grounding in research on online communities and some relevant underlying social science theories;
• understand who some of the key researchers are in this area, what research communities are interested in online communities, and why;
• be able to form a research question about online communities, select an appropriate method to answer that question, know who is looking into similar questions, and know where to publish the results of your research.

Pre-requisites

SI 501 and SI 504. 502 is a co-requisite, meaning that it can be taken at the same time as this course. In particular, students need:

• From 501, students need to have learned how to observe, interview, and/or do surveys in order to elicit user needs. Students will use these skills as appropriate to the study of the community they choose.
• From 504, students should be familiar with concepts such as roles, norms, and routines. They also need to have developed sophistication about how information collections and social systems coevolve. The Wenger text for this course is very dense and relies heavily on concepts such as codetermination, coevolution, and dualities, concepts that will be far easier to understand after students have taken 504.
• From 502, students need to understand the concepts of public goods, information asymmetry, and opportunity costs. It is OK to take 502 concurrently with this course.

Students who convince themselves and the instructor that they have equivalent preparation on these dimensions can waive the formal pre-requisites.

In addition, students need to know what kinds of tools are available to support distributed, synchronous and asynchronous communication (e.g., chat, instant messaging, message boards, audio and video conferencing, live application sharing). Students who are unfamiliar with these but are comfortable learning new technologies on their own will have the opportunity to explore these at their own pace. This course will spend very little time explicitly teaching about technology, but will frequently assume it as background.

Texts

The required texts, which we'll be reading from over the semester, are:

• Wenger, Etienne (1998) Communities of Practice (Amazon link; buy it now; we'll start reading this for the Feb. 2 class) . [Note: you want Communities of Practice, 1988, not the more recent "Cultivating Communities of Practice."]
• Powazek, Derek (2001) Design for Community (Out of print)
• Kim, Amy Jo (2000) Community Building on the Web (Out of print)

Required excerpts from Powazek and Kim will be available in a course pack (at Ulrich's), and on reserve at the Shapiro Library. The Course pack is not yet available (as of Jan 9-- if you find that they are available, please send an email to the class.). The first chapter of each book, which you should read for the first day of class, will be available as PDFs.

We'll be reading excerpts from the following books, but the excerpts will be available on-line.

• Smith1998: Smith, Marc A and Peter Kollock, eds. Communities in Cyberspace
• Minow1997: Minow, Martha, Not Only For Myself: Identity, Politics, and the Law
• Sunstein2001: Sunstein, Cass, republic.com
• Putnam2001: Putnam, Robert, Bowling Alone

We are arranging for all the required readings, except those from Powazek, Kim, and Wenger, to be available on-line. Some optional readings listed in the syllabus are not provided-- you'll have to track those down yourself based on the reference provided in the syllabus

Class Activities

Each week there will be assigned readings and many weeks there will also be an assigned technology for you to familiarize yourself with. Our engagement with these assigned readings and technologies will begin on-line, before the class session for which they're assigned, and continue in class.

Each student will be responsible for making a single "blog entry" about each of the assigned readings and technologies before class. Each entry will consist of some combination of:

• Description: statements or questions about what the author claims.
• Critique: arguments about whether the author is correct or what the author has left out.
• Connection:how the claims or concepts relate to those in other readings
• Application: how the reading applies to the community or technology you have chosen to study for the semester, or the research project you are planning.

You may comment on each other's entries. You may also edit your own entry in response to comments that others have left or in response to other blog entries. The end-result of this process should be a page with a set of coherent blog entries, not a record of the entire set of interactions.

There is also a voting mechanism. Entries with the most positive ratings automatically rise to the top of the page, and especially highly rated entries will appear on the front page of the site. Writers or popular entries will attain glory, (not so) valuable prizes, and probably good grades as well.

Occasionally, the 684 class will be dismissed early so that the 884 students can discuss research issues that will not be of interest to 684 students. 

In-class discussion will also focus on description, critique, connection, and application. For each reading, I will pick a student to offer a summary of the article at the beginning of the discussion. Please be prepared! I will frequently call on students to state ideas that they wrote about in their blogs, at appropriate points in the discussion.

This is a 3-credit course, so you should expect to spend, on average, 12 hours per week on the course, over the course of the 14 week semester. Here's my approximate estimate of how that time would be split up:

• required reading and technology exploration (4 hours)
• class time (3 hours)
• weekly blog entries (1.5 hours)
• major assignments (3.5 hours/week averaged over the term)

Assignments

Each student will pick a major assignment early in the semester.

684 students have three options for the major assignment:

1. Pick one existing on-line community to observe and write a case study of that community, applying all the concepts from the course.
2. Pick a type of information that you've seen displayed in user profiles, or that you think could be displayed in user profiles, and write about its implications for the functioning of the community, applying all the concepts from the course.
3. Join the team of students who are implementing an open-source drupal module with all the user profile features that students who choose option 2 are writing about.

Students choosing option 1 or 2 will have three short papers due during the semester, and a cumulative term paper that incorporates revised versions of the three short papers. Students choosing option 3 will release code early and often, and will provide documentation as well as code as their final project.

For 884 students, your assignment will be to write a research proposal for conducting research on an on-line community. You will be expected to employ a research method that you have already learned about in some other class: software application design; qualitative or quantitative case study or comparison across communities; field or lab experiment.

All students are responsible for making blog entries about reading assignments, as described elsewhere in this document. Students are also responsible for commenting on/critiquing each other's short papers.

Grading

Everyone


• Online participation (weekly blog entries), 10%
• In-class participation, 10%
• Final poster presentation, 10%

684 options 1 or 2 

• Three short papers, 10% each
• Critiques of other students' papers, 10%
• Final paper, 30%

684 module coders:

• Quality of code produced, 20%
• Quantity of code produced, 20%
• Quantity and quality of documentation, 20%
• Critiques of other students' papers, 10%

884 students:

• Research proposal sketch on regulating behavior, 15%
• Research proposal sketch on bonds, identities, or community trajectories, 15%
• Critiques of other students' papers, 10%
• Final research proposal, expanding one of the two sketches 30%

Deadlines

• Feb. 13
• first paper due (684)
• March 13
• second paper due (684)
• first research proposal sketch due (884)
• March 20
• papers returned; comments on others students' papers due
• March 27
• SI exposition poster session
• April 10
• third paper due (684)
• second research proposal sketch due (884)
• April 14
• Papers returned;
• April 21
• Final papers due

Schedule of Sessions

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Jan 9 Introduction and Metaphors

This session will provide an overview of the course and explore the metaphors of community, network, and great good place. We will also examine the variety of purposes that a community may fulfill, drawing on your own experiences. Please read the required readings before class.

Required Reading (all students)

Preece Preece, J. (2000). Online communities. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. (What is an online community, pp 5-19). 

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Wellman 2001 Wellman, B. (2001). Computer networks as social networks. Science, 293(14 September), 2031-2034.


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Oldenberg Oldenberg, R. (1989). The great good place. Chapter 2, pages 20-42. 

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Kim Chapter 1

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Powazek Chapter 1


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optional

Galston1999 Galston, W. A. (1999). Does the Internet Strengthen Community? [available online ]

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Rheingold1998 Rheingold, Howard. Virtual Communities. Chapter 11 in __The Community of the Future__, edited by Hesselbeing, Goldsmith, Beckhard, and Schubert. 1998. pps. 115-122.

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Hafner1997 Hafner, Katie. The Epic Saga of The Well: The World's Most Influential Online Community (And It's Not AOL). //Wired// 5.05 May 1997. [available here ]

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Sproull2003

Sproull, Lee. Online Communities. Draft prepared for __The Internet Encyclopedia__, edited by Hossein Bidgoli, to be published by John Wiley and sons.

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Schank2002

(** Learning**) Schank, P., Harris, A., & Schlager, M.S. (2002). Painting a Landscape onto TAPPED IN 2. Presented to the "The Role of Place in Shaping Virtual Community" workshop at the CSCW Conference, New Orleans, LA, November 16-20, 2002. [available through attached file]


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Finholt2002

(** Work**) Finholt, Thomas A. Collaboratories. Chapter submitted for the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, B. Cronin, ed. [available through here ]

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Raymond1998

(** Work**) Raymond, Eric. The Cathedral and the Bazaar. //First Monday//, 3(3) [available through here ]

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Rossney1996 (** Games**) Rossney, Robert (1996). Metaworlds. //Wired// 4.06. June 1996. [available here ]

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DerekHansen,

( ** Games**) Student papers from a few years ago [available Chess ]

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Jung-woo Sohn,

(**Games**) Student papers from a few years ago [available StarCraft ]

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Price2001

( **Political and other Deliberation**)  Price, Vincent and Joseph N. Cappella. Online Deliberation and its Influence: The Electronic Dialogue Project in Campaign 2000. Paper presented to the annual meetings of the American Association of Public Opinion Research, Montreal, CA, May 2001. [available through  course reserves ] See also two other sites: http://www.e-thepeople.org/ and http://slashdot.org/

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Gibson1999

 (**Commerce**) Gibson, William. My Obsession. //Wired// 7.01 January 1999. [available here ]

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Cummings2002

(**Social Support**) Cummings, J., L. Sproull, and S. Kiesler, Beyond Hearing: Where real world and online support meet. //Group Dynamics//, 2002. 6: p. 78-88. [available course reserves ]

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Rheingold2004

(**Political Action and Social Movements**) Rheingold, Howard, __Smart Mobs: The Power of the Mobile Many__, Chapter 15 in Network Logic: Who governs in an interconnected world? Edited by Helen McCarthy, Paul Miller, and Paul Skidmore. [available through course reserves ]  See also http://moveon.org/ and http://www.rtmark.com/home.html

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Agre2003

(**Networking**)  Agre, P. Networking on the Net. [available online ]

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Hampton2000

(**Neighboring**) Hampton, K. and B. Wellman, Examining Community in the Digital Neighbourhood: Early Results from Canada's Wired Suburb, in __Digital Cities: Technologies, Experiences, and Future Perspectives__, T. Ishida and K. Isbister, Editors. 2000, Springer-Verlag: Berlin. p. 475-492. [available online ]

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Lego enthusiasts (**Hobbies**) See  http://www.lugnet.com for Lego enthusiasts

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Final paper about VDrums from Hans Masing

See attached file.

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Jan 16 (no class meeting) Ethics of Studying Online Communities

[Note: I've just realized that January 16 is a National and University holiday, in honor of Martin Luther King. So class will not meet on January 16. I'm leaning towards having most of the discussion of this topic online (I think this topic actually lends itself well to that), so that we can carry on with our normal schedule the following week. But stay tuned for further developments.]

This session will examine distinctions between public and private communication, issues of informed consent, and other responsibilities of ethical investigators. We will also discuss procedures for external review of research plans, through the IRB, for those of you intending to develop "generalized knowledge" based on your investigation (e.g., if you hope to publish something based on what you do in this course).

Students in 884 will also have an overview of various research methods that have been applied to online communities and discuss active research questions in the area using sections of Preece2003 as a springboard.

Required Reading (all students)

Eysenbach, G. and Till, J. E. (2001) Ethical issues in qualitative research on internet commun. [available online ]

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Kraut2003 Kraut, R. E., Olson, J., Manaji, M., Bruckman, A., Cohen, J. & Couper, M. (Under review). Psychological research online: Opportunities and challenges. Report prepared for the American Psychology Association's Taskforce on the Internet and Psychological Research. [available through attached file]

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Frankel1999 Frankel, M.S. and S. Siang, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Human Subjects Research on the Internet: A Report of a Workshop. 1999, American Association for the Advancement of Science. [available online ]

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Required Reading (884 only)

Preece2003 Preece, J. and Maloney-Krichmar, D. (2003) Online Communities. In J. Jacko and A. Sears, A. (Eds.) Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. Publishers. Mahwah: NJ. 596-620. [Only sections Section 5 and 6 are required (pages 40-48). A draft version of entire article is available through attached file].


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optional

Bassett2002 Bassett, E.H. and K. O\'Riordan, Ethics of Internet Research: Contesting the Human Subjects Research Model. 2002. [available online ]

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Walther2002 Walther, J.B., Research Ethics in Internet-Enabled Research: Human Subjects Issues and Methodological Myopia. 2002. [available through course reserves ]

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Bruckman2002 Bruckman, A., Studying the Amateur Artist: A Perspective on Disguising Data Collected in Human Subjects Research on the Internet. 2002. [available online ]

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Frankel1999 Frankel, M.S. and S. Siang, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Human Subjects Research on the Internet: A Report of a Workshop. 1999, American Association for the Advancement of Science. [available online ]

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What Happens in Online Communities

The next three weeks cover the basics of what happens in online communities: activities, roles, how people interact, and the trajectories of newcomers.

Jan 23 Activities and Roles

This week will explore the structure of activity in e-communities: the places where it occurs, its time structuring through events, and how repeated activities can be invested with meaning through rituals. We will also examine the roles that participants play in online communities. Who are the leaders and who are the followers? What function does a moderator serve? What are the different roles of old-timers and newcomers? What are the trajectories by which people move into different roles?

In 884, we will focus on the unrelated topic of theories and the science of design.

Assignment due (all students)

Project Proposal (due Monday) Major project proposals are due.


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Required Reading (all students)

PowazekChapter2 Chapter 2 in Powazek2001.[see attached file.]


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KimChapter4 Chapter 4 in Kim2000 [Available online here ]

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KimChapter5 Chapter 5 in Kim2000

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KimChapter7 Chapter 7 in Kim2000

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KimChapter8 Chapter 8 in Kim2000

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Required Reading (884 only)

Chen2003 Chen, Y., Kiesler, S., Konstan, J., Kraut, R., Resnick, P., Reidl, J., & Terveen, L. (2003). Designing on-line communities to enhance participation -- bridging theory and practice. A proposal to the National Science Foundation. (focus on the link between research and design and on the field experiment methodology) [See attached file]

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Jan 30 Communities of Practice: Negotiation of Meaning

Beginning with this session, we will examine one theoretical perspective on community, the lens of communities of practice, using the Wenger text.

Chapter 1describes practices, what a community does, in terms of three basic concepts: negotiation of meaning, participation, and reification. Chapter 2 describes practices as the thing that binds a community together. The communal glue of practice has three dimensions: mutual engagement, a joint enterprise, and a shared repertoire of ways of doing things.

While the community of practice theoretical lens is not the only one we'll employ this semester, it is an important that we'll build on.

[Note: This book is hard to understand (at least it was for me the first two times I read it :-). But I think it's worth it. You'll need to allocate a lot of time to it, over several sittings and, ideally, informal discussions with your classmates. If you haven't done so already, I recommend that you read Paul Edwards' advice on how to read a book, and follow it, especially for readings from this book.]

Required Reading (all students)

WengerVignette1


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WengerChapter1


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WengerChapter2


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Required Reading (884 only)

Wenger Introduction Wenger Introduction (pp. 1-17). This may be of interest to students with a background in sociology, anthropology, or education. If that's not you, I think you'll find that this section is not the best way to get started on reading the book. (Ph.D. students are strongly encouraged to read this section, but I suggest that you wait until after reading the book rather than starting with it.)



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Regulating Behavior

The next three weeks cover problems of conflict management and governing the commons.

Feb 13 Conflict Management, Public Goods, and Social Loafing

Assignment due (684 only)

Paper 1: The Basics Activities, technology, repertoire, joint enterprise, member trajectories


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Required Reading (all students)

PowazekChapter5


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PowazekChapter6


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SmithChapter6 Smith, Anna Duval. Problems of Conflict Management in Virtual Communities. Chapter 6 in Smith and Kollock. [available here ]

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Kollock1996 Kollock, Peter., & Smith, Marc. Managing the Virtual Commons. In Computer-Mediated Communication: Linguistic, Social, and Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Susan Herring. Amsterdam:John Benjamins. 1996. pp. 109-128. [available online ]

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Sproull2004 Sproull, Lee, Caryn Conley and Jae Yun Moon. "Prosocial Behavior on the Net," in The Social Net: Understanding Human Behavior in Cyberspace, edited by Yair Amichai-Hamburger. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 139-161. [available here ]

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Ignore

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Required Reading (884 only)

Ledyard1995 Ledyard, J. (1995). Public goods: A survey of experimental research. In J. H. Kagel & A. Roth (Eds.), __The handbook of experimental economics__ (pp. 1-53 only - through section 3.3). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [available through course reserve ]

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optional

SmithChapter9 Kollock, Peter., The Economies of Online Cooperation: Gifts and Public Goods in Cyberspace, in Communities in Cyberspace.

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Herring2002 Herring, Susan, Job-Sluer, Kirk, Scheckler, Riebecca, and Barab, Sasha (2002). Searching for Safety Online: Managing "Trolling" in a Feminist Forum. The Information Society. Volume 18, Number 5. 371-384.

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SmithChapter5:  Reid, Elizabeth. Hierarchy and Power: Social Control in Cyberspace. Chapter 5 in Smith and Kollock

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Ostrom, Elinor Managing the Commons.

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Karau1993:  Karau, S. & Williams, K. (1993) Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. //Journal of Personality and Social Psychology//, 65(4), 681-706. [available through course reserves ]

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Hardin1968:  Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. //Science//, 162, 1243-1248.

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Constant1996: Constant, D., Kiesler, S., and Sproull, L. (1996). The Kindness of Strangers: The usefulness of electronic weak ties for technical advice. Organization Science, Vol. 7, No. 2 (March/April, 1996),119-135. [available through course reserve ]

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Lakhani2003: Lakhani., K. R., & Hippel, E. v. (2003) How open source software works "free" user-to-user assistance. Research Policy, 32, 923-943. [available through course reserves ]

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Constant1994: Constant, D., Kiesler, S., and Sproull, L. (1994). What's mine is ours, or is it? A study of attitudes about information sharing. Information Systems Research, 5: 400-421.

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Wasko2000:  Wasko, M. M. and Faraj, S. (2000). """It is What One Does""": why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. //Journal of Strategic Information Systems//, 9, 155-173. [Available through course reserve ]

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Feb 20 Ratings, Reputations, and Social Presence

Required Reading (all students)

Resnick2000: Resnick, Paul, Zeckhauser, Richard, Friedman, Eric, and Kuwabara, Ko. Reputation Systems. Communications of the ACM, 43(12), December 2000, pages 45-48. [available here ]

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Friedman2001:  Friedman, E. and Resnick, P. (2001). The Social Cost of Cheap Pseudonyms. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 10(2): 173-199. [available through course reserves ]

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Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Rewards

Deci, Edward, Koestner, Richard, and Ryan, Richard M. A Meta-Analytic Review of Experiments Examining the Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation. Psychological Bulletin 1999, vol. 125, number 6, pp. 627-668. [available here ]

Read pp. 627-630 and 652-659 only, unless you understand what a meta-analysis is from some previous research methods class.


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Social Facilitation Platania, Judith and Gary Moran. Social Facilitation as a Function of the Mere presence of Others. The Journal of Scoial Psychology, 2001, 141(2), 190-197. [See attached file.]


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optional

Cliff Lampe & Erik Johnston:  Follow the (slash) dot: effects of feedback on new members in an online community. GROUP 2005: 11-20. [Available here ]

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Zajonc(1965): Zajonc, Robert B. Social Facilitation. Science, Vol. 149, No. 3681 (Jul. 15, 1965), pp. 269-274. [available through jstor here ]

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Frauenfelder2000: Frauenfelder, Mark. Revenge of the Know-It-Alls: Inside the Web's free-advice revolution. Wired 8.07, July 2000.

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Dellarocas2004 Dellarocas, C., Sanctioning Reputation Mechanisms in Online Trading Environments with Moral Hazard (July 2004). MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4297-03. [see attached file.]


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Kiesler2002 Kiesler, Sara, and Jonathon Cummings. What do We Know about Proximity and Distance in Work Groups? A Legacy of Research. Chapter 3 in Distributed Work, edited by Pamela Hinds and Sara Kiesler, MIT Press, 2002. p. 57-80. [See attached file.]


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Mar 6 Goal Setting and Comparison Processes

Don't forget to bring a laptop to class!

Required Reading (all students)

Goal Setting Reading

Self-Regulation through Goal Setting. Schunk, Dale H.  ERIC Digest


For PhD students, and others who are curious, a more academic review article: 

Building a Practically Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation : A 35-Year Odyssey,  By: Locke, Edwin A., Latham, Gary P., American Psychologist, 0003066X, September 1, 2002, Vol. 57, Issue 9. Available online

 [Note: you can participate in the discussion below after reading either of these.]
 

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Ling2005: Ling, K., Beenen, G., Ludford, P., Wang, X., Chang, K., Li, X., Cosley, D., Frankowski, D., Terveen, L., Rashid, A. M., Resnick, P., and Kraut, R. (2005). Using social psychology to motivate contributions to online communities. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(4), article 10. [available here ]

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Social Comparison Jerry Suls, Rene Martin, and Ladd Wheeler. Social Comparison: Why, With Whom, and With What Effect? Current Directions in Psychological Science. [See attached file.]

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Required Reading (884 only)

Bolton and Ockenfels (2000) ERC: A Theory of Equity, Reciprocity, and Competition. American Economic Review, March 2000, 90(1) pp. 166-193. [available here]


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Charness and Rabin (2002) Understanding Social Preferences with Simple Tests. Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 2002, 117(3) pp. 817-869. See attachment.


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optional

Mussweiler2003 Mussweiler, Thomas, Comparison Processes in Social Judgment : Mechanisms and Consequences. Psychological Review, Vol. 110(3), July 2003. pp. 472-489. [available here ]

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Constellations of Communities

Mar 13 Network Effects and Community Trajectories

Assignment due (684 only)

Paper 2-- Regulating Behavior Conflict management, public goods, social loafing, ratings and reputations, social facilitation, social comparison processes, and goal setting.

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Assignment due (884 only)

Research Proposal Sketch 1 Conflict management, public goods, social loafing, ratings and reputations, social presence, comparison processes, and goal setting.

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Required Reading (all students)

AuthorUnknown The Natural Life Cycle of Mailing Lists [available  here ]

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Butler2001:  Butler, B.S. (2001). Membership Size, Communication Activity, and Sustainability: A Resource-Based Model of Online Social Structures. //Information Systems Research//. 12(4): 346-365. [available through course reserves ]

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Reed1999:  Reed, D. (1999). That Sneaky Exponential: Beyond Metcalfe's Law to the Power of Community Building.[available here ]

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PowazekChapter8


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PowazekChapter11


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KimChapter9


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Jones2002: Jones, Q., Ravid, G., and Rafaeli, S. (2002) An empirical exploration of mass interaction system dynamics: Individual information overload and Usenet discourse. Paper presented at the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. [See attachment.]


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Required Reading (884 only)

First research proposal sketch

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optional

Katz1994:  Katz, M.L., & Shapiro, C. (1994) Systems competition and network effects. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(2), pp. 93-115. [available through course reserve ]

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Markus1987: Markus, L. (1987) Towards a 'critical mass' theory of interactive media: Universal access, independence, and diffusion. Communication Research, 14, pp. 491-511. [Available through course reserves ]

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Schoberth2003: Schoberth, T., Preece, J., Heinzl, A. (2003) Online Communities: A Longitudinal Analysis of Communication Activities. Proceedings of the Thirty-sixth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE Press: Washington, D.C. [available course reserve ]

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Putnam2003: Putnam, Robert, and Feldstein, Lewis, Saddleback Church: From Crowd to Congregation, Chapter 6 in Better Together: Restoring the American Community. 2003, Simon & Schuster.

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Katz1985: Katz, M.L. and Shapiro, C. (1985). Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility./American Economic Review. 75(3): 424-440.

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Liebowitz1994:  Liebowitz, S.J. and Margolis, S.E. (1994). Network Externality: An Uncommon Tragedy. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 8(2): 133-150.

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Asvanund2004: Asvanund, A., Clay, K., Krishnan, R., Smith, M. D., (2004). An Empirical Analysis of Network Externalities in Peer-To-Peer Music-Sharing Networks. March 2004 Draft Version. [available here ]

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Mar 20 Inter-Group Relations

Required Reading (all students)

Putnam2001:  Putnam, Robert. __Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. pp. 15-23; [Available through course reserves ]

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WengerChapter4


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WengerChapter5


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Sunstein2001: Sunstein, Cass, Republic.com, chapters 3 and 4, Pages 51-104.

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optional

Horrigan2004: Horrigan, Garrett and Resnick.  The Internet and Democratic Debate,  Oct 2004.  [available here ]

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Bonds and Identities

The next three weeks cover the attachments that people form in online communities, to each other, to the community as a whole, and the impacts of attachment to more abstract social groupings such as race, gender, religion, and nations.

Mar 27 Relationships and Friendship

Remember: SI Exposition 1-2PM, in the Michigan League. Show off your stuff, or take a look at what your classmates are presenting.

Class meets 2:30-4PM in our regular room.

Technology exploration

Social Networking Site If you haven't done so before, explore a social networking site such as FriendSter or FaceBook (or MySpace or CyWorld or Mixi).


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Required Reading (all students)

Walther2002 Walther, J. B., & Parks, M. R. (2002). Cues filtered out, cues filtered in: Computer-mediated communication and relationships. In I. M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication__ (3rd ed., pp. 529-563). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. [see attached file.]


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Cummings2002: Cummings, J., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2002). The quality of online social relationships./Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 103-108. [available through course reserves ]

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McKenna2002: McKenna, K. Y. A., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. J. (2002). Relationship formation on the Internet: What's the big attraction? Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 9-31. [available through course reserves ]

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KimChapter3


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Required Reading (884 only)

Berscheid1998: Berscheid, E., & Reis, H. T. (1998). Attraction and close relationships. In D. T. Gilbert & S. T. Fiske & et al. (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology, Vol 2 (4th ed., pp. 193-281). New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill. Pages 192-210, 222-226, 230-248. [available through course reserves ]

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Apr 3 Identities

Required Reading (all students)

Minow1997: Minow, Martha. Not only for Myself: Identity, Politics and the Law.  Pp. 9-58. [availabe here]


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SmithChapter3: Burkhalter, B. (1998) Reading race online: Discovering racial identity in Usenet discussions. In Communities in Cyberspace by Marc Smith and Peter Kollock. See attachment.

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Ren2005 Ren, Y. , Kraut, R., Kiesler, S. Bond and Identity Theories to understand Design Decisions for Online Communities. [See attached file.]

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Required Reading (884 only)

Hogg2001: Hogg, M. A. (2001). Social categorization, depersonalization, and group behavior. In M. Hogg. & T. S. Tinsdale. Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Group Processes (pp 57-85). Malden, MA: Blackwell. [Available through course reserves ]

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optional

Resnick2005:  Resnick, P. Position paper on designing to support common bond **and** common identity groups.

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Preece2004: Preece, J., Nonnecke, B., Andrews, D. (2004) The top five reasons for lurking: improving community experiences for everyone. Computers in Human Behavior, 20: 201-223.

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SmithChapter2: Donath, J. (1998) Identity and Deception in the Virtual Community. In Communities in Cyberspace by Marc Smith and Peter Kollock.

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Moreland2001: Moreland, R.L. and Levine, J.M. (2001). Socialization in organizations and work groups. In M.E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 69-112). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

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OReilly1989: O'Reilly, C. (1989) Corporations, culture, and commitment: Motivation and social control in organizations. California Management Review, 4, 9-25.

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Deaux1995: Deaux, K. (1995). Social identification. In ET Higgins & AW Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 777-798).

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Tajfel1971: Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149-178.

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Spears2002: Spears, R., Postmes, T., Lea, M., & Wolbert, A. (2002). When are net effects gross products. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 91-107.

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Postmes2002: Postmes, T., & Brunsting, S. (2002). Collective action in the age of the Internet: Mass communication and online mobilization. Social Science Computer Review, 20(3), 290-301.

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Sassenberg2002: Sassenberg, K. (2002). Common bond and common identity groups on the Internet: Attachment and normative behavior in on-topic and off-topic chats. Group Dynamics, 6(1), 27-37. [available through course reserves ]

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Apr 10 Identities and Learning

Assignment due (684 only)

Paper 3: Trajectories and Belonging Network effects, community trajectories, inter-group relations, bonds, and social identity.


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Assignment due (884 only)

Research Proposal Sketch 2 Network effects, community trajectories, inter-group relations, bonds, and social identity.

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Required Reading (all students)

WengerIntro-II


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WengerChapter6


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WengerChapter7


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WengerChapter8


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optional

Turkle1999: Turkle, S. (1999) Cyberspace and Identity. Contemporary Sociology, Vol. 28, No. 6, Nov. 1999, pp. 643-648. [available through course reserve ]

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WengerChapter9


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__ Repeatedly Do

http://141.211.203.189:3005/

Apr 17 Projects Poster Session

Please upload your slides here.

43 Things

43things.com final presentation...

Cyworld

Cyworld_final version

Designing the Eventrue community

Designing the Eventrue community

Identity in geo-aware communities

my slides

Maurice’s Mixi Presentation (from 4-10)

Milliways

Not Just Words - Images and Group Attachment

Research proposal: Learning episodes as boundaries crossing in BioKIDS

Self Other Confusion Online

The DragonRealms MUD

The DragonRealms MUD

Use of Real Names in Online Communities

z Repeatedly Do

Repeatedly Do

sample image