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Frankel - nothing new under the sun

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Brian Kerr's picture

One of the themes discussed in this report is the tension between an online community member's real vs. online identity. There are tensions here, but not in the way described in the paper:

Since many Internet users invest in the
development of their online personas,
there should be consideration of whether
these pseudonyms should be treated as
real identities and hence, afforded the
same types of confidentiality
protection.

Online identities are portrayed as disjunct from "real" identity -- scare quotes because it's not clear to me what makes one kind of expression more real than the other; there are plenty of distinctions, but online vs. real is not the terminology I would have adopted. Within this framework, one of the major risk areas is the possibility of accidental linkage of an individual's online identity with their real identity.

A main conclusion of the paper is that people take online identity seriously, and so much researchers. Examples are given of semi-private online spaces (MUDs, forums with sensitive topics, etc.), but there is relatively little attention paid to the kinds of routines and norms that lead to such a space. We have a general correlation between public vs. private spaces and real vs. online identity, and notions of public distribution vs. public access.

But in my reading, it does really seem to be a problem of education. If, as individuals invest in online communities, they do so without really understanding the implications or possible consequences of their actions, I certainly don't think it's the job of the researcher to try to deal with it through education, system design, etc.; but it is up to the researcher to make sure that boundaries aren't crossed. I don't envy someone in that position.

When reading this, I thought that much of the stress might come from the fact that the contradictions or dysfunctions that are a part of "real" (vs. online, to use the paper's terminology) research are simply easier to overlook due to custom, and that once we try to apply the same practices in a slightly different kind of context, these open issues in research design simply seem more noticeable. This idea is related to the statements several students have made on this page stressing the personal responsibility of the online community member.

Paul Resnick's picture

I lost you here

I have the feeling you're making an important point here, but I can't quite follow it. What exactly is wrong with the paper's framing? What is your alternative?

Brian Kerr's picture

Yes, that was very overlong and unclear...

OK, I think my point was basically an ontological quibble.

If (these may be big ifs?) you grant that any identity is constructed, and that identity and group membership are constitutive -- that we are defined by the groups we're a part of, and vice versa -- then online identity isn't really distinct from "real" identity at all.

Identity is something that's both really important, and hard to pin down. (Especially online, where I am asserting that identity is no less real, but certainly harder to observe.)

In an online community, the group's identities (the identity of the group as a whole, but also of subgroups and individuals) will be one of the factors which constitutes it: keeps it together. Other factors might include design decisions (readings: Powazek), affordances or activities (readings: Kim), or norms and routines that are part of the community's shared space.

So if informed consent can be costly and disruptive, it seems like there is a double risk in online research. (1) Failing to get appropriate consent can have bad consequences, described in Frankel. (2) Doing a bad or overly energetic job at getting consent can actually disrupt the community--especially for "private" or "semi-private" communities, which are hidden by convention only.

I think my issue with the paper's framing is that I think identity is more inherently valuable and respectable than the authors do. Figuring out how to handle online identities is an open issue in the report's conclusion, and I think they're moving in the right direction. The report also doesn't make as rich an association between online "pseudonyms" and personal identity as I would--it seems a bit underdefined.